Both in everyday life and in professional activities, from time to time there is a need to saw off something. These can be a variety of materials, ranging from wooden blocks to metal pipes. The relevance of the tool during construction and repair work increases many times over. Well, a professional specialist needs an impressive set of units for different types of work.
One very useful tool is a reciprocating saw. The tool received this name for the specific shape of the hacksaw blade, which really is a bit reminiscent of edged weapons, which became most widespread in the late Middle Ages and Modern times.
Design and principle of operation
The body of a reciprocating saw looks a little like that of a rotary hammer, only the handle is usually not a pistol type, but is integrated with the back of the casing. In the front part there is a blade and a support shoe, which can be used to rest against the workpiece when cutting it. Unlike many other cutting tools such as grinders or circular saws, in the reciprocating mechanism the blade moves translationally without rotating, which determines the specifics of use. In this regard, the saw is more reminiscent of a jigsaw.
Inside the case is the “heart” of the device - a powerful electric motor. Further, the design may vary. Sometimes torque is transmitted using a bevel helical gear and a larger diameter wheel with a circular tooth. This is how, for example, Milwaukee products are made. Another option is to use a gearbox with a parallel shaft, on which a ring is mounted at an angle - such systems are used in rotary hammers with a linear layout.
Expert opinion
Kuznetsov Vasily Stepanovich
An obliquely set ring with the help of a fork imparts translational movement to the rod, at the end of which there is a clamp for the hacksaw blade. Using the adjustment handles, you can increase or decrease the speed of the electric motor, and with it the speed of the saw.
Principle of operation
A reciprocating saw is a tool with an elongated body and a pistol grip with a cutting blade at the end. On the handle, right under the index finger, there is a trigger, and next to it is the speed switch.
According to the principle of operation, a reciprocating saw resembles a jigsaw. It cuts the material using a reciprocating motion, but is fundamentally different from jigsaws in the presence of pendulum movements, when the cutting blade rises slightly above the cut during the reverse stroke. The pendulum system gives the saw additional advantages.
The versatility of the tool is associated with the variety of files used. They are divided according to purpose and quality of the cutting blade:
- high carbon steel files;
- tool steel;
- bimetallic hacksaws;
- carbide files.
Working parts of a reciprocating saw
Classification
Like most other power tools, reciprocating saws have their own classification.
The determining factor is the gradation of tools by area of use:
- Household.
- Amateur.
- Professional.
Depending on the basis of the classification, one or another parameter will play a role, as well as their ratio.
Household ones are intended for home use. As a rule, it has a low price and mediocre characteristics. The reliability of components and assemblies is designed for gentle operating conditions. This is logical: at home the device will be used occasionally, for a short time. In addition to low cost, manufacturers are trying to provide the device with compact dimensions and low power consumption.
The amateur segment occupies an intermediate niche, being transitional between household and professional. Its price is average, and its power ratings and long-term operation vary widely, allowing you to choose a saw for a specific range of tasks.
A professional tool is expensive, because it is made with maximum reliability, it is built into the ability to work for a long time without overheating and breakdowns. In addition, a good device is distinguished by thoughtful execution. The presence of several stages of adjustment, as well as the ergonomics of the handles for a more pleasant grip.
Depending on the source of electric current, all reciprocating saws are divided into corded and battery-powered. The first ones connect directly to the outlet and have a fairly long cord, which would allow you to work in comfortable conditions. The second ones can be cut almost anywhere, but sooner or later they will have to be charged. Good devices should include at least two batteries - while one is working, the other is charging.
Repair features and disadvantages of reciprocating saws
More often, the causes of reciprocating saw failure can be:
- worn files;
- the need to replace the clamping screw;
- power cord malfunction;
- wear of graphite brushes;
- overheating of the electric motor.
Some of these reasons can be eliminated on your own, but it is better to use the services of a service center.
Classification of reciprocating saw files
Despite their undeniable advantages, reciprocating saws are also characterized by some disadvantages, which include:
- insufficient cutting accuracy;
- low productivity compared to, for example, a grinder;
- strong vibrations in the absence of a vibration damping system.
At the same time, they are attracted by the maneuverability, compactness and safety of the reciprocating saw, which are always useful at home.
Feasibility of use
For a long time, the reciprocating saw was not popular in Russia.
Today, the reciprocating saw is greatly inferior to jigsaws and grinders. But in Western countries, especially in the USA, the tool is in high demand due to its simplicity, safety and versatility. Some experts do not see the point in buying another expensive tool, making do with others with similar functions. However, the benefits of a reciprocating saw still outweigh the costs that must be incurred to purchase it.
- Nikolay, 38 years old, Moscow
We almost never buy reciprocating saws, especially builders and repairmen. It is believed that this is a female device, an electric version of a garden hacksaw. I don't agree with this. I work on the construction of low-rise housing and private houses. If we are talking about frames, then here it is simply irreplaceable: cut it off here, then there. The trimmer is cumbersome and can only be used on the ground. The jigsaw has a thin blade. In short, the device is good, it occupies its niche. A professional must have a lot of tools - this is his bread and butter.
- Vadim, 45 years old, Nizhny Novgorod
He built the house himself, with an assistant. Naturally, I stocked up on a good tool to make it easier. There was a cool Bulgarian woman on the farm. A neighbor advised her to buy a disc with teeth so that she could cut boards and timber faster, without using her hands. I followed his advice. True, for work I had to remove the protective casing. It jerks a little when cutting. I worked like this for two days, on the third disc it bit on a nail that unexpectedly found itself inside. As a result, a couple of teeth flew off and the grinder was pulled out of my hands. He escaped with a very big scare and a dislocated wrist. After that I bought myself a “saber”. Health is more valuable.
- Alexander, 65 years old, Krasnodar
I have a large garden, fruit trees. Constant work on pruning, crown molding, knots, etc. There were loppers and a bunch of different hacksaws on the farm, until I bought a reciprocating saw. Now everything is in the barn. Very convenient: any branch, any twig will be sawed off in a moment. I even sawed the trunks - there are no centuries-old oaks, the diameter of the trunk allows. If you have a lot of trees, then that's it.
Sawing material
When purchasing lumber for a specific type of work, consult with a specialist or the seller of the product. Today there is a very large selection of sawing materials on the market.
The density of the material determines how the tool will behave with it.
For denser material, you need to purchase a sharpener with a large tooth.
The larger the tooth, the faster the material will be sawn, but some kind of defects cannot be avoided. Therefore, be picky in choosing the canvas.
And while working, do not forget to set the appropriate mode suitable for the material taken.
When installing wiring in an apartment during renovation or construction of a house, many force majeure situations arise, in which a reciprocating saw can greatly help in solving them.
Criterias of choice
You need to buy with an eye to the compliance of the characteristics with the tasks performed.
Once doubts about the need for a purchase have been dispelled, you can begin choosing a tool.
Power
One of the most important parameters. The larger it is, the longer and more productive you can work with the tool. True, the downside will be the considerable weight and size of the device. The power indicator usually ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 kW. Those with extreme values have a narrower specialization; it is better to choose a universal saw with a value of 0.9 - 1.2 kW. This power is enough for both household tasks and professional use.
The power characteristics of the saw determine how often the blade will move back and forth, as well as to what depth it will be possible to cut in various materials. The optimal figures are 2.5 - 3 thousand movements per minute, 19 - 32 mm of saw stroke length.
The presence of a pendulum stroke
The purpose of this option is to increase productivity and reduce the load on the blade. When moving, the latter does not move strictly linearly, but with a small torque, deviating from the trajectory. This movement is somewhat reminiscent of the movement of a human hand when using a hand saw. In cases where you need to work with a large volume of woodwork, the presence of a pendulum stroke allows you to complete the plan much faster. The increase in cutting speed is up to three times, as people talk about on specialized forum threads. True, not all materials require a pendulum - for example, when cutting metal it needs to be turned off. If such an opportunity is provided, you can safely take the tool.
Support shoe adjustments
This detail does not seem to be the main one, but it is of great importance when sawing. The support shoe can be rested against a workpiece - a beam, a pipe, or a table on which a flat part lies. This will give a more precise cut and help you apply more force. It is best if the shoe frame has a movable design. By pulling it out, you can adjust the reach of the file. Rotation in the horizontal and vertical plane makes it convenient to cut at an angle.
Speed adjustment
An important characteristic when it comes to the universal use of a reciprocating saw. Corrugated fence sheeting is one thing, a 3/4-inch steel water pipe is quite another. The speed mode is usually changed in two ways: either by pressing the button, or stepwise, using a wheel or slider. The first option requires a certain skill, the second is more universal.
Locking against accidental activation and fixing the trigger
Many manufacturers of professional tools build an additional lever into their devices; without bending or pressing it, it is impossible to start the electric motor.
The detent is also represented by a detent button, which helps you release the trigger and focus your energy on holding the tool and cutting accuracy. Have you ever used a reciprocating saw?
It was a matter of I want to try
Blade replacement mechanism
In professional models, you can often find a “hot-swap” system for the hacksaw blade. This means that in order to switch from sawing wood to metal, no additional tools are needed. This requires a good quality connection block. In cheap models, the required strength is obtained only by using fasteners. Another important point is free access to the end of the rod, which is hidden in the casing.
When changing the blade, always unplug the tool. This will help avoid accidental injuries.
Overload protection
It is built into all professional products, since repairing such devices is more expensive than installing an additional security unit. But home models, especially those made in China and Russia, most often cannot boast of such an option.
Soft start and brake
Also the prerogative of more expensive and powerful models. A soft start protects equipment and extends the service life of the electric motor and gearbox. The electromagnetic blade brake system is convenient when you have to put the saw down after work - this way neither the saw nor the coating will be damaged.
Rating of powerful electric hacksaws
Powerful electric hacksaws are purchased by users who intend to carry out repair work with them and simply use the tool intensively. In addition to high power, the equipment is equipped with wide functionality designed to make work easier.
Einhell TE-AP 1050 E
| Specifications Power: 1050 W Revolutions: up to 2700 per minute Blade stroke: 29 mm Maximum cutting thickness of metal / wood: 20 / 200 mm Weight: 3.75 kg Quick-release mount: yes Speed adjustment: yes Pendulum stroke: yes Soft start: yes Backlight: no Average cost: 8100 rub. | |
| The model is designed for high-speed cutting and accurate cutting of fragile materials. It has a power regulator, as well as ventilation holes that cool the engine. | |
Makita JR3050T
| Specifications Power: 1010 W Revolutions: up to 2800 per minute Blade stroke: 28 mm Maximum cutting thickness of pipe / wood: 130 / 255 mm Weight: 3.2 kg Quick-release mount: yes Speed adjustment: yes Pendulum stroke: no Soft start: no Backlight: no Average cost: 9000 rub. | |
| This is a reliable reciprocating saw, with videos and photos showing that this tool is capable of cutting through metal pipe. Manufacturers equip the model with a system for quickly changing the cutting blade and a cable for operation from a power supply network 4 meters long. | |
AEG US 1300 XE
| Specifications Power: 1300 W Revolutions: up to 2800 per minute Blade stroke: 30 mm Maximum cutting thickness of metal / wood: 20 / 250 mm Weight: 3.8 kg Quick-release mount: yes Speed adjustment: yes Pendulum stroke: no Soft start: no Backlight: no Average cost: 10,500 rub. | |
| A review of reciprocating saws shows that this tool is designed for cutting workpieces made of plastic, metal, wood and other materials. For user convenience, the model has rubber pads. | |
Hitachi CR13V2
| Specifications Power: 1010 W Revolutions: up to 2800 per minute Blade stroke: 29 mm Maximum cutting thickness of metal / wood: 19 / 300 mm Weight: 3.2 kg Quick-release mount: yes Speed adjustment: yes Pendulum stroke: no Soft start: no Backlight: no Average cost: 12,000 rub. | |
| The most popular area of application is repair work on dismantling old pipes. However, it is often used on other materials. The maximum file length can be 43.5 cm, which allows you to work with large workpieces. | |
What to pay attention to
Before purchasing a tool, it is best to hold it in your hands. Of course, this cannot always be done when ordering in an online store. In this case, try to “touch” the unit with friends or in a store before ordering it online.
Close attention should be paid to the following components and parameters:
- Attaching the blade to the rod . The file should not dangle. Backlash indicates a poor-quality connection.
- Noise during operation . Excessive noise in a medium-power model indicates poor-quality assembly and fitting of parts.
- Vibrations . The larger they are, the more tired you will feel after a short period of work. An extremely useful thing is a special balancer that dampens vibrations. It greatly improves the ease of use.
- Comfortable grip . For occasional home work, almost anything will do. In a more expensive tool, pay attention not only to the handle, but also to the forend of the body. There are models in which there is also a handle, and a rotary one.
- Power cord length . To work in the garden and outside, a “carrying” will be required in any case. But it would be better not to create a tangle of wires indoors. In good units, the cord length is at least 3 m.
Specifications
Any electric tool has its own characteristics, which depend on:
- Comfort of use.
- Technical capabilities of the tool.
- Availability of various functions.
- Performance, etc.
Below are the most important ones that you need to pay attention to when purchasing a reciprocating saw.
Power indicator
Now let's talk more about the power of the tool. As already mentioned, this is one of the most important indicators of any power tool. The groups into which it is divided:
- 400-600 W. This power allows you to saw boards up to three centimeters thick, branches of small diameter, and metal parts for repairs. In addition, we can perform both plumbing and carpentry work. These hacksaws are easy to use - even women use them. For example, when pruning trees in the garden.
- 700-1000 W. This tool also belongs to the household, but still its capabilities are much higher than those of the previous analogue. This electric hacksaw can cut reinforcement (up to 22 mm), and even more so wood. Many users choose this option for their backyard.
- More than 1000 W. This type of tool is considered a professional tool, where work requires increased power and “endurance” of the saw. This saw is used to cut thick steel parts, brick, foam blocks, and, of course, wood. Some consumers keep such tools at home - for example, when building a country house, cottage or dacha.
Operability refers to the operating time of the reciprocating saw.
Low-power models, even after one hour of operation, need a “rest” - they need to be turned off to cool down. It should be remembered that overheating leads to a decrease in tool life.
The second category of reciprocating saws is designed for daily four-hour work - no more.
Professional saws can be used for up to 10 hours – that is, a full working day.
Cutting speed
The cutting speed is determined by the movements (reciprocating) of the cutting blade. 2.5-3 thousand rpm. – standard characteristic.
It is very important to pay attention to the presence of this function in the saw. This indicator not only increases productivity, but also the service life of the electric hacksaw.
Speed regulation
Any modern power tool worth its salt involves adjusting the speed - without this there will be no correct operation, because the settings directly depend on the nature of the work.
The reciprocating saw is equipped with a device for regulating the speed together with a working trigger. The speed can be changed by turning the knob up or down.
A special table is attached to the saw, which indicates the optimal speed for the cutting blade - it directly depends on what material is being processed.
Support shoe
The support shoe is an important element of this tool. Structurally, it can also be sliding. When the stop is moved along the cutting blade, its overhang is adjusted. Firstly, this makes it possible to extend the working life of the file, and secondly, it is more convenient to work.
Using the support plate, the angle of inclination can be changed - for cutting at an angle.
When purchasing a saw, you should pay attention to the ease and reliability of fixing the mechanism in the desired position using fixing screws.
Smooth start, blade change and tool weight
A soft start is important because it not only reduces the load on the electrical network, but also extends the life of the electrical circuitry of the tool itself. And the more powerful the latter, the greater the need for the mentioned function. This factor is no less important for models with batteries.
Quickly changing cutting blades is especially important when working with different materials. Keyless replacement takes place when the cutting tool is removed and the blade is changed, and another is installed by pressing a special button.
Since such saws are hand tools, their weight is important for those who work with them - the greater weight quickly tires the hands, and it is difficult for them to work for a long time without a break.
The best reciprocating saws for different tasks
In order to navigate the variety of models on the power tool market, some of the best options from various manufacturers are given.
AEG US 400 XE
Small saw for wood, plastic and other not too hard materials, 400 W.
Pros:
- Long cord.
- Compact sizes.
- Backlight, ergonomics.
Cons: Works only with soft materials, no pendulum mechanism
BOSCH PSA 700E
“Green Series”, a universal instrument in the reliable amateur category, 710 W
Pros:
- Quick blade change.
- Light weight.
- Build quality.
- Quiet operation.
Cons: Modest functionality, tendency for the rubber on the handle to delaminate
Makita JR3070CT
Powerful professional tool with a wide range of adjustments, for builders and repairmen, 1500 W
Pros:
- 4 modes of the pendulum mechanism.
- Moisture protection.
- Anti-vibration balancer.
Cons: Heavy weight, high price
Hammer LKZ 850 B PREMIUM
Budget solution for those who cannot afford a more famous brand, but with good functionality, 850 W
Pros:
- Adjustment of the pendulum and support shoe.
- Reasonable price
Cons: Build quality is lower than well-known competitors
Metabo SSE 18 LTX Compact
The length of the tool is only 380 mm. A convenient case is provided. An excellent solution for mobile use, when you take the saw with you; two batteries solve the problem of lack of electricity nearby.
Pros:
- Comfortable grip.
- Precise cut.
- Light weight.
Cons: Not designed for long-term operation, lack of adjustment range
