Gasoline consumption rate for a chainsaw

How to use?

Information on the proportions of oil use was given above.
Let us say right away that you should not deviate from the indicated values ​​and dilute gasoline by eye. In the best case, you just need to change the oil, and in the worst case, engine breakdown cannot be avoided. It is also important to be able to prepare the mixture correctly. You can't put it in the gas tank.

It is better to pour the oil into a special container that already contains gasoline. A plastic mineral water bottle is perfect for this. It is very important here that it is clean, which is why beer or milk bottles will not work. And it is better that it be liter or two-liter, since it will be difficult for many to calculate how much oil to pour into a 1.5-liter or 1.25-liter bottle. You will also need to have a syringe on hand, which will serve as a dosimeter. It is best to take a regular medical one with 10 or more cubic meters.

Now we will explain step by step how to make good oil for a gasoline trimmer.

First, you should find out exactly what type of oil is required for a particular model of scythe, and also find out the exact ratio of gasoline and oil to create the mixture. Then you need to fill the container. The container should not be filled completely with gasoline, because there should still be room for oil; Now we fill the syringe with the required amount of 2-stroke oil and pour it into a bottle of gasoline. You cannot do the opposite, otherwise all the ingredients will need to be replaced, and the mixture will need to be made again. Cover the bottle with a lid and stir

It is important not to forget that you need to stir the mixture if there are words Premix on the bottle of oil. If it says Selfmix, then after mixing the substances everything is poured into the tank

Now all that remains is to refuel the gasoline trimmer, and you can carry out the necessary work.

To learn how to choose oil for gasoline trimmers, see the following video.

Source

Chainsaw Shtil 180 - malfunctions and repairs

In the case of the Stihl MS 180 chainsaw, malfunctions and methods for eliminating them may be different. In order to be able to independently fix breakdowns of the Stihl MS 180 chainsaw, we will study the most common causes of breakdowns and methods for eliminating them on our own.

The chainsaw does not start - reasons and repairs

If you notice that your saw has stopped starting, this may indicate that the engine oil is filling the spark plug of the tool. To inspect the spark plug, you need to pull out the rubber cap on the body and unscrew the part with a spark plug wrench. If you see large oil stains on the spark plug, this means that this is the cause of the breakdown.

If the saw does not develop speed, then the first thing to do is to wipe and dry the chainsaw spark plug. You will also need to dry the chamber in which the candle was located. The next step is to replace the oil pump that was leaking engine oil. To do this, you need to remove the saw body and unscrew the screws holding the rubber primer. After this, the upper part of the pump is removed.

Stihl MS 180 chainsaw stalls at idle

The most common reason for this is improper adjustment of the saw's carburetor. If the saw does not hold idle speed, you will need to re-adjust the tool assembly. To do this, take the adjusting key from the saw kit and insert it into the “+” screw on the tool handle. While doing this, slowly turn the screw clockwise until the saw starts to operate normally.

Gasoline does not flow - independent solution to the problem

The reason for this lies in the malfunction of the carburetor. To repair the unit, it will need to be dismantled. However, before disassembling the carburetor on the Shtil 180 chainsaw, do not forget to disconnect the throttle linkage and the ignition wire from it. The next steps are as follows:

1. The carburetor device is attached to the saw structure using 4 screws. Unscrew them and remove the assembly from the chainsaw. Before removing the carburetor, be sure to wear gloves to avoid getting oil on your hands;
2. Before cleaning the carburetor, you will need to apply a household degreaser to its walls. Wait 5 minutes and start wiping the walls of the knot;

After cleaning the carburetor, you need to re-adjust the ignition of the chainsaw. You can find out how to set the ignition in the saw's operating manual. If you have lost the instructions and do not know how to adjust the ignition, then proceed in this order:

1. Remove the starter cover and remove the 4 screws;
2. Inspect the parts responsible for spark formation. If they are clean, then make sure that the gap between the magnets and the flywheel is correctly set. A gap of 0.4 mm will be considered optimal.

In order not to resort to regular carburetor repairs, try to use high-quality fuel and oil from trusted manufacturers.

The chainsaw does not start well - we are looking for reasons

If your saw does not start when cold, then the first thing to do is inspect the pistons of the tool. The piston group of the Stihl MS 180 saw is highly reliable, however, due to a lack of engine oil or mechanical shock, immediate replacement of the piston may be required. Before changing the piston, we advise you to study the specified algorithm:

1. Remove the top cover of the saw and unscrew the spark plug;
2. Remove the shock absorber stoppers, drive sprocket and starter;
3. Next, the flywheel, worm drive and winch chain are removed;
4. Then remove the ignition coil and muffler;
5. At the end, the piston group of the chainsaw is dismantled.

After this, carefully inspect the unit and the space underneath it. If necessary, clean contaminated surfaces and install a new piston group.

Oil is not supplied to the chainsaw chain

If you notice this malfunction, then the first thing you need to do is adjust the oil supply. Adjusting the oil supply to the chain is as follows:

1. Locate the adjustment screw on the bottom of the chainsaw next to the sprocket;
2. To increase the oil supply, the screw will need to be turned to the “+” side;

After this, place the saw on the paper and start it. If you did everything correctly, drops of oil will appear on the paper.

Chainsaw fuel system design

To provide power to the chainsaw engine, a fuel system is installed. It may be structurally different, but in most cases it is represented by a combination of the following elements:

1. Fuel filter. Gasoline can contain various contaminants that can harm the design of the internal combustion engine. Filters can be characterized by varying degrees of filtration, which should be taken into account when choosing.
2. The carburetor is designed to mix air and fuel, resulting in a rich mixture. The operating parameters of the engine depend on the configuration features of this design.
3. The fuel pump is designed to supply the resulting mixture directly to the engine itself. It can be of various types.

The operating principle of the system responsible for supplying fuel to the chainsaw engine is quite simple. To store gasoline, the device has a tank from which fuel enters the carburetor. The simplest designs do not include a pump, which is worth considering. The filter, responsible for cleaning the fuel mixture, is installed at one end of the hose, which is lowered into a container with gasoline.

With a constant flow of liquid, a negative pressure is created in the tank, due to which it is filled with atmospheric air. This situation leads to the carburetor not receiving the required amount of fluid. To avoid the problem, a breather is installed on the lid

That is why when operating a chainsaw, care should be taken to ensure that the breather does not become dirty.

Very often, a primer is installed during the manufacture of a structure. This makes starting the engine much easier. The design features of such an element determine that fuel enters the carburetor in advance.

Rules for preparing the fuel mixture

If you wish, you can create the mixture in question with your own hands. It is recommended to do this before using the chainsaw directly. Storing the finished substance for more than 10 days leads to the formation of a chemical bond between the additives, which reduces the service life of the engine. Experts recommend that before storing the chainsaw for long-term storage, drain the fuel and use up the remaining fuel at idle speed.

Proportions should be selected in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the device itself. Depending on the model and its technical characteristics, the indicator can vary from 1:20 to 1:100 or more.

Chainsaw fuel mixture

When mixing active elements, it is strictly forbidden to use waste or oil that is not intended for operation of a two-stroke engine.

How is mixing done?

You also need to pay quite a lot of attention to the direct process of mixing the components used. As a rule, the fuel mixture is prepared in a volume that will be sufficient for 3-4 refills of the device used. The mixing procedure can only be carried out using measuring containers.

Among the features of the issue under consideration, the following points should be noted:

1. Some chainsaw manufacturers include measuring cups with marks for fuel and oil in the delivery package.
2. If you don’t have a special container, you can use a canister or dry bottle. It is convenient to dosage using a regular syringe without a needle.

After adding all the ingredients into one container, you can begin directly mixing the components. To do this, the container is closed with a lid and then shaken to obtain a homogeneous substance.

Working proportions of the fuel mixture

As previously noted, the proportions of oil and gasoline for a chainsaw can differ significantly, largely depending on the features of the design itself. An example of mixing is the proportions 40:1 and 50:1. This ratio ensures high-quality lubrication of the internal elements of the installed engine.

In some cases, the lubricant concentration can be adjusted upward, resulting in more effective lubrication. An example is the case when a new tool is being processed. In addition, the cooling efficiency of the structure can also be increased by adding a large amount of oil to the mixture. Experts recommend increasing the oil concentration by no more than 20% of the usual value.

As practice shows, in most cases the sawyer himself has to adjust the concentration of oil in the fuel depending on the characteristics of the work being carried out. This is due to the fact that as the structure wears out, serious damage can occur. With normal operating characteristics, sawing can be carried out over a long period.

Measuring containers

Various containers with marked markings can be used as a measuring container. Controlling the ratio is simplified when using a proprietary container, which is included in the package.

It is worth considering that measuring utensils are included in the factory kit even for budget models. However, a regular syringe with increased capacity also performs well.

Storage recommendations

It is not recommended to save time and mix the composition directly in the chainsaw tank. This is due to the fact that achieving the required result will be quite difficult. Storage recommendations are as follows:

1. The resulting mixture can be stored for no more than 2 weeks. As the ambient temperature increases, the shelf life decreases to 10 days.
2. In some cases, in order to save money, a previously prepared and expired mixture is added to a new one. However, its concentration should be no more than 10%.

Storing homemade mixture

To prolong the operation of the fuel system, it is recommended to filter the composition through a material represented by fibers.

Chainsaws, gasoline, oil and its consumption

L + + + Note: When determining these standards, it is assumed that the mechanism operates 50 - 60% of the working time. CONSUMPTION RATES OF LUBRICANTS FOR GASOLINE SAWS (BASED ON THE QUANTITY OF PETROL GASOLINE USED) TTT ¬ ¦Saw brand¦For¦For lubrication of the saw¦Consistent¦ ¦¦preparation of ¦apparatus¦lubrication¦ ¦¦working mixture ¦¦¦ + + + + + ¦»Husqvarna » However, for special equipment there are no clear indicators of consumption per 100 km. Manufacturers, on the contrary, set the consumption per unit of engine power. In order to calculate fuel consumption per one hour of operation, you must use the appropriate formula: (N*t*G*%)/p. To determine and accurately calculate the formula, you must clearly know all the necessary components:

• N is the engine power, measured in kW;
• t – fuel consumption time, that is, 1 hour;
• G – specific fuel consumption of the vehicle, g/kWh;
• % – percentage of machine load during operation;
• p – fuel density.

Unleaded petrol is often chosen as it is highly compliant with established standards. The exact brand is indicated by the chainsaw manufacturer in the operating instructions. That is why problems with choosing the most suitable composition should not arise. The use of fuel that does not meet the basic parameters leads to the following problems:

1. The power rating may be significantly reduced.
2. Power can jump over a fairly large range.
3. The engine will begin to overheat when the recommended octane number is exceeded. Too high a temperature can cause the material's ductility to increase and the structure to fail under high loads.

In addition, it is strictly forbidden to mix the gasoline mixture with other dubious compounds.

What happens if you pour waste into a chainsaw?

If you don’t want your chainsaw to fail at the wrong moment, use only high-quality fuels and lubricants. Mixing waste with gasoline is prohibited. The reasons for this are the following factors:

• The viscosity of the material is different, so the grinding is not capable of providing effective lubrication of rubbing parts and mechanisms
• The waste contains small particles of metal and shavings, which, if they enter the tank, will cause clogging of the fuel filter and channel. If the lubricant gets into the cylinder along with small particles, they will leave their mark in the form of accelerated wear of the piston rings
• Emission of large amounts of black smoke, indicating oil burning

You cannot pour surrogate materials not only into the gasoline tank, but also into the chain lubrication tank. What happens if you use waste in the tank to lubricate the chain can be seen in the video.

Using the instructions, you can independently prepare the correct fuel mixture for the chainsaw to operate on. If the fuel mixture is diluted incorrectly, not only does the service life of the tool decrease, but its performance also decreases.

Publications on the topic

It served for a long time and did not cause problems with repairs; you need to prepare the fuel mixture correctly. Online forums are replete with questions on this topic. We interviewed experts and compiled short instructions.

To prepare the fuel mixture, use AI-92 or AI-95 gasoline. A lower octane number will not work. The gasoline must be unleaded (otherwise the engine will fail) and not old (the octane number may change over time). Do not use oil for boats or four-stroke engines.

Mix gasoline and oil in strictly defined proportions. Choose a synthetic oil for two-stroke air-cooled equipment of the API-TB or API-TC class. Don't skimp on ingredients. Ask stores for brands that are leading in quality. For example, Stihl, Husqvarna, NANOTEK, Champion, ALCO, etc.

The main issue is proportions. Excess oil will lead to carbon deposits on the pistons and spark plugs. Excess gasoline will cause scuffing on the pistons and rapid engine failure. On average, one liter of gasoline is mixed with 20-50 ml of oil. Stihl and Husqvarna, for example, recommend taking 100 ml of oil per 4 liters of gasoline. The specified proportion is optimal for chainsaws up to 1.5 kW. For chainsaws with a power of over 1.5 kW of the same brands, use a proportion of 1/50 (100 ml of oil per 5 liters of gasoline). Recommendations from Partner and Jonsered: proportion 1/33 (3.3 liters of gasoline + 100 ml of oil). Supersynthetic oil is added at a ratio of 100/1. These figures are approximate. Always use the information provided in the instructions for your specific chainsaw model. Rely less on the numbers on oil labels.

Mix what? On sale are canisters with measuring divisions and two holes - for oil and gasoline. Pour in the ingredients, screw on the lids and stir by tilting the container.

Many people use glass and plastic bottles, baby bottles and syringes. Be careful with glass and plastic to avoid static electricity. Be careful not to introduce any solid particles or drops of water into the mixture. Be sure to stir the mixture thoroughly.

Finished fuel cannot be stored for more than 25-30 days, because the oxidation process changes its composition. Engine failure caused by overexposed fuel is considered non-warranty. The amount of repairs reaches 80% of the cost of a new chainsaw. After the end of the working season, use up the remaining fuel, turn off the engine, and remove the remaining fuel mixture.

Remember, your goal is to create a mixture that will ensure smooth engine operation, complete combustion of fuel without the formation of soot, smoke or scuffing.

Two-stroke engines, despite their imperfections relative to four-stroke designs, are still widely used in many newly produced devices.

Legendary Java with 638 two-stroke engine

• Motors of this type are mainly used for:
• small motorcycles, snowmobiles, mopeds;
• lawn mowers, walk-behind tractors, portable generators, chainsaws;
• motor boats;
• other devices where small size with high power is required.

The design of this engine imposes some special features on operation. In particular, the usual lubrication system is absent on most designs of two-stroke internal combustion engines.

There are modifications where lubricant is supplied directly into the flow of the fuel-air mixture from a special device in the form of oil mist. However, the vast majority of oil for modern 2-stroke engines enters the cylinders along with the fuel.

Fuel consumption Chainsaw Shtil 180 • AURAMM.RU

Chainsaws Shtil-180: reviews.
Chainsaw Stihl MS 180 14: cost, reviews, description, properties

Chainsaws "Shtil-180", reviews of which are useful for you to find out before purchasing the product, are power-driven devices that are designed for cutting down trees in everyday use. The tool is powered by an internal combustion engine; fuel is used with an octane number of at least 90. To operate the tool, you will need oil, which is added to the fuel mixture in a ratio of 1 to 50.

Description

The Husqvarna 135 chainsaw is a basic model that is lightweight and very convenient for use at home for cutting wood, collecting firewood, performing garden work such as trimming branches and branches, working with wood in construction, and more.

Chainsaw Husqvarna 135

The Husqvarna 135 chainsaw is the latest generation of saws that minimizes harmful emissions.

The tool is equipped with a two-stroke gasoline engine with a power of 1500 W. The engine cylinder capacity is 40.9 cc.

The engine is designed using X-Tord technology, which ensures economical consumption of the gasoline-oil mixture and reduces the amount of harmful emissions.

about cutting wood with a Husqvarna 135 chainsaw:

The difference between the Husqvarna 135 chainsaw and the Husqvarna 140 model is as follows:

• the 135th saw has a quick-release mount for the air filter;
• power of the 140th model - 1600 W, 135th - 1500 W;
• Another difference is the price; the 140th Husqvarna chainsaw costs more than the 135th.

Both chainsaws fall into the “standard” or “regular saws” category, as stated by the manufacturer itself. They are perfect for household use and ordinary woodworking tasks; they have similar technical characteristics, namely the same engine size and tire length.

The fuel consumption of the 140th model is 930 ml of fuel per hour, while the 135th consumes 1.1 l/hour.

Shelf life of the finished fuel mixture

Motorists know that it is not worth storing gasoline for a long time, and the finished fuel mixture deteriorates even faster. You need to mix the required proportions of oil and gasoline for the Shtil chainsaw before starting work.

Manufacturers allow storage of finished fuel for up to one month, and experts recommend reducing this period to 10 days. Immediately after mixing, the solution begins to lose its original properties and over time it becomes completely different from the quality it was prepared.

Learn to prepare enough fuel for your saw so that you can use it up in one go. This comes with experience. The mixture should be stored in a gasoline-resistant, opaque, tightly closed container. Any plastic or metal canisters for flammable materials are suitable for this.

They also use an oil container or dark glass container.

Advantages and disadvantages of the model

Reviews about the advantages of the Husqvarna 135 chainsaw:

• easy chain replacement;
• sufficient power for cutting medium-diameter logs;
• very simple starting system, starts well even in the cold season;
• truly effective vibration damping system;
• light weight;
• comfortable, non-slip handle;
• economical gasoline consumption;
• convenient to tension the chain;
• easy replacement of spark plugs and air filter.

According to the owners, the disadvantages of Husqvarna 135 include the following:

• expensive spare parts;
• quickly loses efficiency when running on low-quality oils and fuels;
• Relatively fast chain grinding.

Basic equipment

Basic equipment of the Husqvarna chainsaw:

• packaging - cardboard box;
• instruction manual with warranty card;
• hand brake (located on the right hand side);
• tool start and stop switch;
• carburetor adjustment screws;
• muffler;
• saw chain, sprocket, tire blade;
• rear handle, with right hand protection;
• clutch cover (available on 135 and 135e models);
• saw blade protection;
• universal key for assembly.

A complete overview of the components and working parts of the chainsaw is given in the instructions for the tool.

In fact, the modification is Husqvarna 365 h, which differs even in appearance:

Source: https://instanko.ru/drugoe/rashod-topliva-benzopily.html

How to dilute gasoline for a Shtil 180 chainsaw?

Most owners of saws of this model are wondering what kind of gasoline to pour into the Shtil 180 chainsaw and what proportions with oil must be observed. The best option is a ratio of 1/50, which means that for five liters of the finished mixture, you will need only 100 milliliters of oil.

How to mix gasoline and oil

You can extend the service life of the Stihl MS 180 chainsaw by using a high-quality, properly prepared fuel mixture. Quite often, AI-2 or AI-95 gasoline is used for this model.

Please note that only unleaded gasoline is allowed, which can protect the engine from premature breakdowns

Fuel Consumption Standards for a Stihl 180 Chainsaw

Stihl MS 180 chainsaw is a tool worthy of attention.
Of course, every modern person strives to purchase a high-quality chainsaw that would be distinguished by reliability, the highest working life, efficiency and good technical features. The Stihl MS 180 chainsaw fully complies with all these aspects. We will talk in detail about its advantages, common breakdowns and self-repair.

Structure of the Shtil MS 180 chainsaw - model components

The design of the Stihl MS 180 chainsaw is quite difficult to call ordinary - this is due to the operating method of this model. The Shtil 180 chainsaw consists of the following components:

The manufacturer took into account the possibility of constant operation of the chainsaw at low temperatures, which resulted in the presence of a proprietary set of accounting programs for a smoother and faster start of the engine.

Chainsaw Shtil MS 180 – technical specifications

In terms of performance indicators, the Stihl MS 180 chainsaw is superior in almost every way to analogues in its own price category. This tool, as well as its modification – the Shtil 180 C chainsaw, has the following technical properties:

• Power – 5 l. With.;
• Cylinder displacement – ​​31.8 cm3;
• consumption
  – 0.7 l/h;
• Fuel tank capacity – 250 ml;
• The volume of the oil supply tank is 145 ml;
• Idle speed
  – 2800 rpm;
• Start – manual;
• Chain lubrication – automatic;
• The length of the tires used is 30–35 cm;
• Chain pitch – 3/8''v
• Working weight – 4.2.7 kg.

Chainsaw Shtil MS 180 does not require special care. The only thing that the owner needs is to use high-quality fuel and add oil just in time. The diameter of the file for sharpening the chain of the Stihl MS 180 chainsaw should be 4.5–5 mm.

Features of operating the Stihl MS 180 chainsaw

This model of chainsaw, as well as its modification – the Shtil MS 180 C BE chainsaw, is not difficult to use. Below we will study the main operating rules that will protect the main spare parts and mechanisms of the chainsaw from early wear.

How to dilute gasoline for a Shtil 180 chainsaw?

The chainsaw motor must run on a properly prepared mixture of gasoline and oil. The higher the quality of these two components, the longer your garden tool will last. The proportion of oil and gasoline is also of great importance.

How to start the Shtil 180 chainsaw correctly?

The correct procedure for starting a chainsaw is as follows:

1. Before starting the saw, the chain brake must be activated. For this purpose, you need to tilt the brake lever forward;
2. Next you will need to remove the protective cover;
3. Next you need to press on the decompression valve - this will make starting the engine much easier;
4. Then press the fuel pump a couple of times. This will reduce fuel consumption specifically when starting the saw motor;
5. Then move the combination throttle lever down to the cold start position. For this purpose it will be necessary to first activate the throttle lever;
6. Slowly pull the cable until you feel resistance. Then quickly pull the cable only towards you until you hear the engine start and stall;
7. Then move the combination lever up one position;
8. Pull the cable again until the engine starts;
9. Once the engine has started, press the gas trigger, and, moving the combination lever
   to the upward position at full speed, release it;
10. Release the chain brake lever by pulling it towards you until it clicks;

Fuel consumption of a conventional chainsaw. REAL. WITHOUT BRE.

Ordinary Chinese chainsaw

. I work moderately. No tricks. I pour 35-40 grams of oil per 1 liter of gasoline. Oil .

STIHL MS 180 HOW TO ADJUST THE CARBURETOR How to adjust carburetor STIHL chainsaw MS 180

How to adjust the carburetor Stihl ms 180

what are the min and max speeds? And also a similar video about adjustment on mine.

How to break in a new Shtil 180 chainsaw?

When starting to use the Stihl MS 180 chainsaw, most owners of the tool do not know how to properly break in the purchased saw. To do this, you must proceed in this order:

1. Check for the presence of chain oil - to do this, place the saw on an old newspaper and start the tool. If there is oil, traces of it will appear on the paper;
2. Next, turn off the inertia brake;
3. After this, start the chainsaw and leave it idling for 20 minutes. In this case, every minute you need to briefly press the gas trigger;
4. After 20 minutes, start sawing thin branches, gradually increasing the density and diameter of the wood.

How much oil should be added to gasoline?

Types of oils used for dilution in gasoline
Chainsaws do not have oil pumps, so the combustible mixture alone cannot be used. You should carefully read the instructions supplied by the manufacturer with each product. There is a lot of information on the Internet, finding it is not difficult.

If there is no lubrication, the saw will fail in a short time. It is recommended to do preventive maintenance of the unit, fill with properly diluted fuel, in this case the tool will function for many years.

You should carefully read the recommendations from ), they always describe in detail what composition is required for the power plant. There is no point in saving on oil, the benefit is small, and the engine life can be significantly reduced. Repairing an instrument is expensive, up to 85% of its cost.

If we take, for example, a Husqvarna chainsaw, then unleaded gasoline with the first additive of grade 92 is suitable. If the composition has a greenish color, then this indicates that the product is “Premium”. AI-92 is the optimal product that can be suitable for such a device. On average, professionals advise adding from twenty to 50 ml of machine oil per liter. If the power of the unit is one and a half kilowatts, then only 25-27 ml of oil will be required.

Expert opinion Kuznetsov Vasily Stepanovich

If the tool is more powerful, then about 30 ml of oil is required, and in some cases even more.

How to dilute engine oil and gasoline, in what proportions? This question arises for all users. First you need to stock up on containers:

The process of mixing oil and gasoline is technologically simple

It is important to follow safety precautions so that static electricity does not accumulate and not a drop of water gets into the fuel

Types of oils used for dilution in gasoline

What proportions should be made? Engines are mostly two-stroke, so the mixture is usually 1:50. Russian-made chainsaws operate with products of the following brands:

• M8-B
• M-12TPU

• TP
• MGD-14M

For foreign analogues, it is permissible to use two liters of gasoline per 80 grams of oil. Foreign saws are characterized by economical fuel consumption; the proportions of oil in them vary from 40 to 49 parts.

Oil shades can vary significantly; this should be taken into account during operation. For example, it produces reddish-colored machine oil. If the composition has a greenish (sometimes blue) tint, then this is a sure sign that the product is premium synthetic. The quality of such compositions is high, and the cost is also quite high.

Gasoline consumption Husqvarna chainsaw

Content

What kind of gasoline to pour into a popular brand of chainsaw?

A chainsaw is a successful unit that can solve a lot of household problems. It runs on fuel, which must be prepared independently before pouring it into the tank. Those who have acquired a functional device for the first time are interested in the question of what kind of gasoline to pour into the chainsaw. You can avoid breakdowns and extend the life of the device only if you follow the manufacturer’s advice indicated in the annotation.

What kind of gasoline should I use ?

Modern brands of chainsaws (Husqvarna, Partner) from foreign manufacturers will run uninterruptedly on AI-92 gasoline - it is ideal for the engine. The owner's manual may also indicate grade 95, but this should be poured with care. The quality of this gasoline is currently being questioned; its octane number is increased with the help of various additives. This is detrimental to the chainsaw engine, which can lead to major repairs of the unit. And its cost will be at least half the cost of the new model, not counting spare parts that need to be replaced.

READ What You Can Do With a Chainsaw

For devices from domestic manufacturers (Ural, Shtil, Druzhba), AI-80 gasoline is recommended. It is important for the user that its consumption is minimal.

Proportions of gasoline and oil

Due to the two-stroke type of engine, fuel is purchased separately in its pure form, and then mixed with oil intended specifically for this engine version. Most experienced users mix substances in proportions of 1:50. In the photo you can see popular high quality products used to prepare the fuel mixture.

Important points to observe:

• domestic chainsaws (Ural, Shtil, Druzhba) work with an oil component of the M8-V, M-12TPU, M8-V, TP, MGD-14M brands, sometimes foreign versions can be used; recommended proportion – 100 g of oil per 2.5 liters of AI-80 gasoline;
• foreign models ( Husqvarna , Partner) operate on foreign-made oils (1:50 or 1:40) and are characterized by a minimum consumption.

Fuel consumption of a conventional chainsaw. I also suggest watching a few videos about Husqvarna chainsaw fuel consumption. REAL!!! WITHOUT BRE

Ordinary Chinese chainsaw

. I work moderately. No tricks. I pour 35-40 grams of oil per 1 liter of gasoline. Oil

Chainsaws Minsk MTZ 4200 fuel consumption.

chainsaws

Minsk MTZ 4200 how much
gasoline
.

READ How the Husqvarna Chainsaw Works

How to properly prepare the fuel mixture

When purchasing gasoline for a chainsaw and oil, you should think about additional accessories. To measure and be able to pour the mixture into a chainsaw, use the following tools:

• container for dilution (plastic or metal),
• syringe,
• measuring bottle (suitable for measuring gasoline),
• dispenser,
• watering can (pour into the chainsaw).

A very convenient thing is a special bottle with a dispenser from the Stihl brand (pictured), which allows you to perform all actions accurately and quickly, accurately measuring the required amount of each substance. What gasoline to fill into a popular chainsaw (Husqvarna, chainsaw gasoline consumption. When choosing gasoline for a Shtil chainsaw (Friendship, Husqvarna, Partner), you should pay special attention to the second component.

Oils from different manufacturers have variations in shades. HP's products are red, the premium synthetic segment is mainly represented by green. If you take gasoline for a Husqvarna chainsaw, then the oil must be of the appropriate brand, not cheap (green or blue in color). In the video you can watch the process of mixing fuel.

Useful tips

Experts and manufacturers do not recommend preparing large volumes of fuel and storing it for a long time. Oil and gasoline can “behave” differently in a mixture, it all depends on the brand, quality, degree of additives and additives. Oxidation and crystallization processes occur. The result can be disastrous and incur additional financial costs for the user: incorrect operation or engine failure.

READ How to Clean a Shtil Chainsaw

Fuel is prepared for a maximum of three refuelings, mixed in containers made of metal or durable plastic. Ordinary plastic breaks down when it reacts with gasoline, spoiling the composition of the fuel and creating the risk of sudden ignition.

Gasoline consumption and operating time

An important issue is consumption of a chainsaw, because the user must understand what to expect.

The volume of fuel tanks is approximately 0.5 liters. When the power of the device is 2 kW, the consumption of gasoline and oil will be about 1.2 l/hour. Translating into a language understandable to the user, the chainsaw can operate uninterruptedly at maximum speed for about 30 minutes. Less powerful devices have a smaller tank volume; gasoline consumption is controlled by the owner independently.

Over time, you will learn how to independently service this household unit. The main thing is to maintain its performance and use only high-quality fuel. Mixing must be done in compliance with safety rules so as not to harm your health or the environment.

Source

User manual

It is necessary to have instructions included with the power tool. The manual answers all the saw user's questions, allowing him to independently assemble (disassemble) the tool, make repairs, adjust the carburetor, and learn how to operate the tool.

Additionally: High-quality hedge trimmer

The instructions come standard and contain a lot of useful information.

In it you can find:

1. Basic information about the safe use of chainsaws and special protection.
2. Break-in instructions.
3. A section on assembling and starting a chainsaw, which is very important for those who have not previously had experience with such equipment.
4. Basic information about faults and their elimination.
5. Information on how to perform maintenance and cleaning.
6. A detailed description of the chain sharpening process and all the tools necessary for this.

It is difficult to evaluate the capabilities of a chainsaw without picking it up. For this reason, we invite you to read the review of Husqvarna 365, which was left by a professional feller.

Over several years of use, I have never encountered any startup problems. I have to work full time, and the saw performs well. There is even more power than necessary, but more is better than less. I tested the chainsaw according to the algorithm specified in the instructions and generally found a lot of interesting things in it, even for me.

Author of the review: Igor Tyumen.

Operating and maintenance instructions

Operating instructions for the Stihl 180-ms model:

• Before use, the tool needs to be run-in; properly run-in extends the useful life of the chainsaw and averages 5-7 hours;
• If any malfunctions occur, contact the service center;
• It is not recommended to disassemble a working chainsaw;
• When using a chainsaw, wear protective equipment (helmet or goggles, sound-canceling headphones, closed clothing, thick fabric gloves);
• remember that a chainsaw is not a grinder, it is intended only for cutting wood and cannot be used for sawing other materials;
• For the safety of the operator, it is not recommended to exceed the operating time of the chainsaw;
• The chainsaw must be assembled according to the instructions using the adjustable wrench included in the delivery kit;
• Use fresh fuel mixture; do not store the saw with old mixture in the gas tank.

Maintenance of the Shtil ms 180 model:

• Unnecessary disassembly of the chainsaw by the owner is prohibited, especially if the tool is under warranty;
• Carburetor adjustment is not performed independently until the warranty period has expired. It is permissible to adjust the carburetor after the warranty period has expired. The adjustment procedure is specified in the operating instructions;
• replacement of the spark plug and maintenance of the spark plug are carried out as necessary, approximately once a month the spark plug is cleaned of carbon deposits, and the spark plug is replaced every three months;
• Clean the fuel filter once a month, inspect and clean the air filter about once a week when actively working with the chainsaw;
• Constantly check the chain tension and use the chain tensioner located on the side of the housing.

Is it possible to make a sawmill using a Shtil 180-ms chainsaw and what will be required for this?

A sawmill is a machine for cutting wood, producing longitudinal sawing of materials (boards, timber, wooden slabs, etc.). Some owners make their own sawmills using chainsaws. The video below shows the operation of a sawmill using a Stihl 180-ms chainsaw:

To create the sawmill, the owner used two metal angles, two metal pipes and a metal plate. Steel nuts and bolts were also required to secure the saw body to the frame. The saw secured in this way travels along two parallel guides for direct sawing of boards or timber.

The sawmill also requires lifts to adjust the board height. The number of lifts is at least three (standard board height sizes are 25, 35, 45 mm).

It is difficult to say exactly how much material you will use to make a sawmill. The amount of materials depends on the area of ​​the structure, as well as the ability to use available resources.

Another video about a sawmill using a chainsaw:

Note that the sawmill is a professional device for those who intend to develop their business, for example, in logging, construction of furniture or wooden structures, etc. On a small summer cottage, such a structure is unlikely to be useful if the volumes of wood you require are very small.

Basic faults Calm 80 ms and their elimination

Causes of the main malfunctions in the operation of the Shtil ms 180 chainsaw and their elimination:

The saw does not want to start.

• Reason: the chainsaw may stall due to the fact that there is no fuel in the tank, poor quality of the fuel mixture, a clogged fuel filter, or a malfunction in the ignition system.
• Remedy: clean the fuel/air filter, check the quality of the mixture, add fresh fuel, make sure that the lubricant is supplied and the tool can operate.

The quality of the cut has decreased.

• Reason: why does the quality of the cut decrease? First of all, due to the dullness of the chain. If this happens, you need to sharpen it yourself or replace it with a new one.

Benefits of branded oils

Many domestic and foreign manufacturers specialize in the production of special motor oils, but the highest rating indicators are for branded products Shtil, Husqvarna and Makita.

Only in certain parameters the branded assortment is inferior to domestic motor oils of the Lukoil brand.

→ HUSQVARNA AT THE BEST PRICE

The list of advantages of branded motor oils:

• economical consumption;
• stability of performance characteristics under difficult operating conditions and during long-term storage;
• minimal amount of toxic compounds in exhaust gases;
• almost complete absence of soot.

According to the American classification, oils of the API-TB category can be used for work in household and professional models. The Japanese equivalent is JASO-FB and JASO FD. Preparation of a flammable mixture using oil for 4-stroke engines is strictly prohibited.

Red, green or any other color of the oil determines whether the product belongs to the range of a particular manufacturer, therefore it is not taken into account when determining the characteristics of the material

You should be extremely careful when choosing motor oil of unknown composition and origin.

Until additional information about quality and operational parameters is obtained, it is better to temporarily abandon the use of such material.

It is allowed to mix motor oils of the same type in composition and purpose produced by brands known for the quality of their range. Under no circumstances is it permitted to mix mineral and synthetic oils.

Proportions of oil and gasoline for chainsaws

How much oil to add to gasoline for a chainsaw is indicated, first of all, in the operating instructions for the tool. If you have forgotten what the proportion of oil and gasoline should be, you can always open the instructions and update your knowledge. If the instructions are lost, then this material will help you. To begin with, it is worth noting that there are several options for mixing oil materials with fuel. When choosing any one, it is worth noting that the main criterion for each is the correct measurement of the components. Only precise adherence to the proportions of oil and gasoline will allow achieving the fuel mixture of the required technical qualities.

One of the most common proportions is 1:50. This means that 1 liter of gasoline must be diluted with 20 ml of oil. This recipe for preparing the mixture is relevant for instruments whose power exceeds 1.5 kW. This option is one of the most popular, so if you have forgotten the exact proportions for your instrument, you can always focus on the first option.

The second option involves maintaining a proportion of 1:25. Chinese manufacturers recommend mixing 1 liter of gasoline with 10 ml of oil for their tools. For tools whose power does not exceed 1.5 kW, it is recommended to pour oil in an amount of 25 ml per 1 liter of gasoline. Chainsaws from each manufacturer have their own restrictions and recommendations for preparing the fuel mixture, which are recommended to be followed. Listed above are two main options that are universal.

Not everyone knows what kind of gasoline to put into a chainsaw either. This is also indicated in the technical documentation for the chainsaw. It is recommended to use fuel of at least AI-90 grade in modern saw models, that is, AI-92 or AI-95

And it doesn’t matter who the tool manufacturer is, China or Europe. Professionals recommend using AI-92 gasoline, since in Russia 95 is in most cases produced from 92 by adding additives

If you know for sure that it is truly pure 95, then it is better to use it.

Which oil to use to lubricate the chainsaw chain depends directly on the model of the tool. Stihl brand saws and the like produce special lubricants that are intended only for use in such tools. Recommended oils can also be found in the technical documentation

When choosing a lubricant, you must pay attention to ensure that it is intended for two-stroke engines. Oils for mixing with gasoline and for chain lubrication differ in composition, quality and purpose.

You cannot mix them, as this will speed up the failure of the instrument. Recommended brands of oils for two-stroke engines:

• Stihl;
• Kreissman;
• Husquarna;
• Sadko.

There are a lot of options for oil brands; when choosing, focus directly on the model of your chainsaw and availability in stores.

Consumption rate for Husqvarna chainsaw

Content

Husqvarna chainsaw - reliable equipment for amateurs and professionals

It’s impossible to do without a good saw in your own backyard. The Husqvarna chainsaw is a successful tool that turns hard work into an interesting activity. The Swedish company Husqvarna has been a manufacturer and developer of various models of chainsaws since 1687. In a wide range of amateur tools, everyone can choose an assistant for construction, collecting firewood or sanitary cleaning of tree branches.

Why is the Husqvarna chainsaw considered the best model?

No instrument is perfect, and every manufacturer strives for perfection. In the chainsaw market, Husqvarna, Shtil, Partner and Makita compete in the same class. This is cool equipment. The choice is great, you need to know the features of the brand so as not to make a mistake.

The entire range of Husqvarna chainsaws are characterized by improvements that make work easier and more comfortable. First, these new products are installed on professional equipment, and later they are added to the assembly of amateur models. These options include:

• X-Torq engine, which reduces emissions into the atmosphere and saves fuel, increasing torque;
• automatic adjustment of the carburetor to workloads by the Auto Tune system;
• centrifugal cleaning before air intake Air Injection ensures that the filter is replaced more rarely;
• the vibration damping system for the handle is represented by dampers, Low Vib absorbers;
• introduction of a primer - an easy start system;
• the chain tensioner is located on the side;
• implementation of one key for frequently performed operations;
• In addition to the automatic supply of lubricant, the driven saw sprocket has a hole for additional injection.

This is not a complete list of improvements; some models of Husqvarna chainsaws have additional configurations.

In order to exclude counterfeiting of a well-known brand, a list of countries is posted in which the named models are created. If there is another country on the label, then it is a copy. Production facilities are located:

• in the USA - 132E, 142E;
• Russian stamps, Khimki – 254ХР, 257, 262ХР, 262ХРН;
• in Brazil – 55, 61, 288ХР, 268, 272ХР:
• other brands are created at the main plant in Sweden.

Therefore, a Chinese-made saw is no longer a branded product, it is cheap, and repairs are specific.

All operating instructions describe the sawing process in terms of safety. In the household, it is necessary to approach the tool with reasonable care. Keep children away from contact with the saw. A saw that is not working or left unattended must be covered with a protective cover.

The advantage of chainsaws is the presence of a sufficient number of service centers where you can purchase spare parts for Husqvarna chainsaws. At first glance, this is a complex device that can be repaired at home. It is important to understand the mechanism and cooperation of all nodes. After the warranty period, some operations can be carried out independently. You need to correctly assess your abilities and it is better to entrust the repair of a carburetor or piston system to specialists. Spare parts for the Husqvarna chainsaw can be ordered through the web store with delivery by courier or mail. Spare parts for each brand are equipped separately.

READ Chainsaw Partner 350 Doesn't Start Spark Yes

Why do you need a tool instruction manual?

Even if you have worked on a Druzhba or another saw, a new tool packed in a box is a mystery. And only technical documentation will prevent you from making mistakes at the assembly and start-up stage. First, you should study the instruction manual for the Husqvarna chainsaw, developed for each model.

Any annotation includes:

1. Prescriptions for non-hazardous work, ensuring preparation of the tool, operator and workplace. A lot of space is devoted to non-hazardous work with the saw unit.
2. The assembly of the sawing device and its tension are carefully described with demo images. How to properly refuel the fuel supply system. The sequence of starting and stopping the tool.
3. The rules for safe work and how to set up the tool so that the work is comfortable and the impact is low are carefully described.
4. Technical service and repair of main components is developed step by step. A maintenance schedule for the saw is also offered.
5. The technical properties of the equipment contain the characteristics of the components that will be needed during repair and replacement. It is especially important to pay attention that the chain for the Husqvarna chainsaw should be obtained according to the characteristics indicated in the Abstract. For amateur use, only low-profile saw blades are suitable.

Fake Husqvarna 142 chainsaw. Cheap slag.

I can’t stand to see how these Swedish saws are being sold to people for cheap. Newbies, be careful. )))

Husqvarna 236 chainsaw review

The lowest prices for spare parts for chainsaws

: Let's be friends on VKONTAKTE: .

In the range of Husqvarna brand chainsaws, we will consider the most popular ones in household farming.

Review of chainsaw models, their differences

To choose a tool for the job, you need to familiarize yourself with several models, find out their differences and buy a suitable saw upon request.

The Husqvarna 236 chainsaw is intended for domestic use. It can be equipped with a 35 or 40 cm tire. All of the above options are available in the tool, ensuring easy starting even in winter. It uses fuel economically and emissions of combustion products have been halved.

The power of the Husqvarna 236 chainsaw is 1.9 liters. With. or 1400 W. With a small tire and a weight of 4.6 kg, it is convenient for trimming trees in the garden, chopping branches and sawing small logs, but not larch.

READ How to make a saw blade from a circular saw

The compact model, equipped with an economical engine, is universal. The volume of the combustion chamber is 38 cm 3, the fuel volume of 0.3 liters is enough for an hour of continuous operation. The chain lubrication system is forced, includes a 0.2 liter tank, but injection through a special hole is also possible.

Feedback from craftsmen who worked on professional saws, who have something to compare with, note the softness of the cut and the ergonomics of the model. They also warn that there are examples with an unregulated carburetor. Such products are replaced, the problem is easily solved. There were no other comments on the saw.

The Husqvarna 142 chainsaw is a semi-professional tool. It is used for winter firewood collection in rural areas. In winter, at sub-zero temperatures, it starts the fourth time. Particularly noteworthy is the curved handle, which allows for a comfortable grip. With this tool you can work at heights:

• comfortable handle to hold;
• easy starting is ensured by a starting spring;
• chain inertia brake reduces kickback when cutting wood;
• uniform weight distribution with separation of engine blocks and fuel tank further reduces vibration;
• a forged three-section crankshaft increases the power of the saw.

Working at heights is not possible with just any tool. It is difficult to maintain balance under load on scaffolding. Therefore, this reliable Husqvarna chainsaw

142 American made.

Technical characteristics of the saw:

• two-stroke engine power – 1.9 kW;
• maximum fuel volume - 410 cm 3;
• oil container - 200 cm 3;
• tire length – 33-38 cm;
• total weight before refueling is 4.6 kg.

Be careful when using the saw. It is unacceptable to move from one object to another with a working mechanism. When working, you should follow the operating instructions for the Husqvarna chainsaw.

Reviews about the model are only positive. Professionals note that they work for several hours without arm fatigue. In winter it starts 4 times, in summer you need to take a break more often so as not to overheat the engine. There is a warning that when cutting at an angle, oil leaks out of the tank.

The Husqvarna 240 chainsaw is an example of a new generation of household tools. A new option, in addition to those listed, which are typical for all Husqvarna saws, is a broken chain catcher. The traumatic factor has been eliminated. The power and performance of the saw expands the range of use to semi-professional use.

The tool is equipped with a noise silencer and an effective vibration damping system.

Technical parameters of the Husqvarna 240 chainsaw:

• engine working chamber volume 38.2 cm3;
• engine power – 1.5 kW;
• fuel tank capacity – 0.4 l;
• tire length - 38 cm;
• oil pump with constant flow rate for lubrication.

When working with the tool, you must follow the instructions in the operating instructions. This particular brand of chainsaws was named among the three that have:

• engine with a high resource;
• improved fuel cleaning before injection;
• a well-thought-out system of centering and damping of components to reduce vibration.

READ Make Your Own Chainsaw Snow Blowers

Prepare the fuel mixture the day before, otherwise it will lose its properties. Gasoline cannot be stored in plastic containers for a long time - there will be carbon deposits on the candles. At the end of the work, drain all fuel from the tank until it is dry.

If the saw is properly run-in, oils, fuels and additives are used in accordance with the instructions, and maintenance is carried out during maintenance, the service life will last longer than the two years guaranteed by the manufacturer.

The Husqvarna 135 chainsaw is the lightest design, only 4.4 kg without fuel, oil and saw unit. The saw has a 1.5 liter engine. pp., fuel tank – 0.37 l. Recommended tires - 36-38 cm. Differences in equipment:

• the presence of a metal stop for cutting round logs; in other amateur models this spike is made of plastic;
• convenient lid with quick removal for checking spark plugs;
• reusable air filters with easy replacement.
• Soft rubber handles provide a comfortable grip.

It is this lightest model with a quick-release saw unit that can become the most convenient companion for an extreme motorist.

The Husqvarna 137 chainsaw was released in 2005 for amateurs, but with a powerful 2.2 liter engine. With. and a fuel tank of 410 cm3. This model has an improved ignition system with easy starting. The bar length used is 33-38 cm. For this saw, the manufacturer recommends using a chain of its own production, H 30, the leading link should be 1.3 cm thick.

In order for the saw to work flawlessly, the operating conditions must be observed, since this particular model does not tolerate rough handling:

• adjust the saw mechanism;
• lubricate the chain with the recommended compound at idle speed;
• fill the carburetor with the proprietary mixture;
• start the saw with the starter.

For the first 10 hours of work, saw without loading the mechanism, let the mating units get used to it. For those who rarely use saw tools, the manufacturer has improved the starting system. A special spring rotates the crankshaft so that the start takes place without much effort. The ignition mechanism was borrowed from professionals. As a result, the saw received a humorous review from a grateful customer - it does not refill itself and does not want to saw if you do not hold it with your hands.

The review contains information about the most commonly purchased amateur chainsaws and their features. Which one to choose is up to the buyer to decide.

Source

Advantages and disadvantages of oil

Any high-quality machine oil has its pros and cons.
Any high-quality engine oil has its pros and cons. Some experts say that any chainsaw oil will do. This is not entirely true; almost any substance can be used for the Khurstavna chainsaw, but only gear oil is required for the Shtil chainsaw. When choosing, you need to know the color of the oil well; a two-stroke engine requires a composition that has a reddish, bluish or greenish tint.

To prepare the mixture yourself, you need to use a heat-resistant lubricant that has a well-known brand.

The density of the product is affected by seasonality:

• Air temperature.
• Humidity.

• Solar radiation intensity.
• Pressure.

You can find out what the features of different oils are by carefully studying the label on the container. If there are no instructions or labels on the package, you should refuse to use such a substance. At the same time, the performance characteristics of oils should not change dramatically when temperature conditions change.

The specificity of the lubricant is that it is optimally suited for high-speed engines that are air-cooled. It is these power plants that are equipped with chainsaws. Oils of mineral origin have a reddish tint, while “synthetics” have a greenish tint.

You should not use any substitutes; counterfeit products are often found among them (up to 20%). It is quite difficult to distinguish a fake; you need special equipment.

It is recommended to store fuel in metal containers. It is best to prepare the fuel mixture in a canister.

There are a large number of oils and each has its own characteristics

The consistency is made in the ratio:

Expert opinion Kuznetsov Vasily Stepanovich

There are almost no chainsaws on the market that operate on a mixture in a ratio of 25:1. After pouring the new mixture, the tool should run for some time at idle speed.

The performance characteristics of mineral or organic oil intended for the chain itself are not suitable for preparing the fuel mixture. The container is filled with the finished product (up to half), then mixed (the container must be hermetically sealed). Thus, a homogeneous composition is obtained. It is better not to prepare the fuel ahead of time; it quickly loses its functional properties. At room temperature, flammable liquids deteriorate within two weeks.

Which oil to choose

For the trimmer to operate effectively, it is necessary to select oil for two-stroke engines. This is due to the absence of an oil sump in such a device. Depending on the chemical composition of the oil, the following classification is distinguished:

• mineral - based on petroleum distillate, suitable for low-power equipment with air cooling, but requires frequent replacement and can only be used in good weather during the warm season;
• semi-synthetic - suitable for garden equipment with air and liquid cooling;
• synthetic - they are based on esters, do not require frequent replacement and can be used at any time of the year.

Oil for 2-stroke engines is characterized by good solubility and complete combustion properties. For the trimmer, it is recommended to use a lubricant that is suitable for devices with an air cooling system. Most often, the packaging indicates that the oil is intended for garden equipment and is marked TA, TV or TS. Moreover, the last of them is most preferable.

If the consumption of motor oil during the summer season is planned to be high due to the presence of a chainsaw, brush cutter, and lawn mower in the garden arsenal, then it is advisable to buy 5 liters of oil at a better price. If you only need it to mix it with gasoline and refuel a single tool, then 1 liter will be enough.

Manufacturers of lawn mowers often produce suitable oil, so you can make your choice easier if you select the liquid of the appropriate brand.

How to calculate the hourly rate of fuel consumption for a Calm chainsaw

And gasoline... just off the top of my head... I’ve been using the Peshkarus for 3 years now (-)... my price has stopped at about 8-9 rubles-)....) according to your calculations -25 rubles 1 filling (40 min) or 38 rubles an hour (124/3 ,3) then the following question arises: How advisable is it to have a saw in the Moscow region... That is? How many cubes of firewood (logs) can be cut on average (without tearing) in an hour or 3.3 hours with a Husqvarna 136 saw and how much does a cube cost in the Moscow region, etc. logs….(or how much does a cube of firewood cost and how much does it cost to chop it)….In my opinion, very interesting questions (we do not yet take into account the price of the saw, and its repair and maintenance) (Of course, I will omit the pleasure of cutting firewood, for me this is a separate issue history, that’s why I want a saw...) VladlenPopolitov (Khimki) May 11, 2004 18:25:12 Regarding the price of oil - I looked at your link, it’s true.

Types of oil

Two-stroke oil is a separate lubricant for internal combustion engines. These lubricants differ from others in their properties. As already noted, special requirements are imposed on two-stroke oils.

For gasoline 2-stroke engines, oils must have the following qualities.

1. The minimum amount of ash and coke that are formed in the cylinder during combustion. The lubricant, ideally, should burn out completely.
2. It should dissolve easily and completely in the fuel.
3. The lubricant material must have lubricating, anti-wear, and protective properties at elevated temperatures. It should also provide good protection against corrosion.

If the lubrication system is separate, then it is necessary that the oil remains fluid and pumps well. If we take into account the scope of application and specifics of 2-stroke engines, which serve as engines for scooters and mopeds, engines for lawn mowers, boat engines and others, then there are separate requirements for the toxicity of the material.

If the lubricant gets on the ground, it should be as safe as possible for the environment, and if it gets into water, it should decompose very quickly.

Such oils must comply with TC-W3 and 2 T standards. Very often they can be distinguished from analogues by color, since they are additionally colored. They are mostly blue in color. Even when mixed with gasoline, it is clearly visible.

According to the 2 T standard, such lubricants are used in air-cooled engines ranging from lawn mowers and chainsaws to (light) motorcycles. But for use in water-cooled outboard motors and jet skis, oils of the TC-W3 standard are designed.

There are low-viscosity oils for winter use. Lubricants may have the following base:

• synthetic;
• semi-synthetic;
• mineral.

Recommendations and tips for choosing

You may notice that on the modern market there is a wide range of oils for outboard and other 2-stroke engines. You can also find ready-made products in which the oil is already diluted and ready for use. To do this, it is poured into a fuel canister, mixed well and poured into the equipment tank.

Products may vary greatly in properties and price. Synthetic oil is more expensive than mineral oil. This is what makes purchasing difficult. It is worth noting that, first of all, when choosing, you need to focus on the information provided by the engine manufacturer.

If it is said that oil of the TC-W3 standard should be poured into the equipment, then any oil that meets this standard will do. In this case, it does not matter whether it is synthetic or mineral water. You need to choose brands with a good reputation and beware of fakes.

If the instructions for use contain separate recommendations for oils, then it is strictly forbidden to add other types of lubricants.

The thing is that initially the engine is designed only to work with the specified material, and if you start using other lubricants, this will quickly lead to the unit going out of working condition. Simple equipment, especially those produced in the USSR, can work successfully on the MS-20. But an imported engine can become coked and stop working after just a few hours.

It is strictly forbidden to pour two-stroke diesel or automobile gasoline oils into engines, much less “working off” oils. Such lubricants contain a large number of additives; when burned, they form a lot of ash. It is worth considering that if you ignore all these rules, then soon not only imported, but also domestic equipment, which is distinguished by its endurance, will break down.

Application in practice

From all of the above, it is worth noting that choosing two-stroke oil must be done responsibly. The main task before pouring lubricant into the motor is to study the operating instructions. If the manufacturer allows the use of different oils, then you can fill in mineral water or more expensive synthetics.

Before pouring, ensure that the lubricant meets the recommended standards. In practice, the difference between synthetics and mineral water will be insignificant. But still, with synthetics, the engine can start a little better and wear out less at high speeds. There may be less soot and coke in the combustion chamber.

But if the instructions indicate that you should only pour in certain synthetics, then under no circumstances should you use mineral water, even if it is of the same standard. In such a situation, mineral oil is still not suitable for a number of important parameters. And all because the engine lubrication system is not designed for the use of oils with a mineral base.

Fuel Consumption Norms for Chainsaws

Accounting for fuel and lubricant costs: new standards. old questions

The number of vehicles used both for personal purposes and for business activities is steadily increasing.

Expenses for the maintenance of official transport, including cars, are provided for in subparagraph 11 paragraph 1 of Article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation for organizations applying the general tax regime, and in subparagraph 12 paragraph 1 of Article 346.16 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation for individuals using a simplified taxation system. According to subparagraph 1 of paragraph one of Article 221 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, personal entrepreneurs have the right to receive professional tax deductions in the amount of practically incurred and documented expenses specifically related to the extraction of income, including the costs of maintaining vehicles. It goes without saying that a significant part of such expenses is fuel costs. gasoline and diesel fuel.

Usually, in the activities of accountants of organizations that use both their own and paid vehicles, questions arise related to the need to implement fuel consumption standards established by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, as well as with the procedure for documentary evidence and justification of expenses for the purchase of fuels and lubricants.

Content

Questions about fuel costs

The number of vehicles used both for personal purposes and for business activities is steadily increasing.

Expenses for the maintenance of official transport, including cars, are provided for in subparagraph 11 paragraph 1 of Article 264 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation for organizations applying the general tax regime, and in subparagraph 12 paragraph 1 of Article 346.16 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation for individuals using a simplified taxation system. According to subparagraph 1 of paragraph one of Article 221 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, personal entrepreneurs have the right to receive professional tax deductions in the amount of practically incurred and documented expenses specifically related to the extraction of income, including the costs of maintaining vehicles. Fuel consumption standards for chainsaws and chainsaws. fuel consumption standards for chainsaws and chainsaws in accordance with Decree of the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus No. 27 dated May 7, 2012. It is certain that a significant part of such expenses consists of fuel costs. gasoline and diesel fuel.

Usually, in the activities of accountants of organizations that use both their own and paid vehicles, questions arise related to the need to implement fuel consumption standards established by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, as well as with the procedure for documentary evidence and justification of expenses for the purchase of fuels and lubricants.

New consumption standards for fuels and lubricants

From January 1, 2008, the consumption standards for fuels and lubricants approved by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated April 29, 2003, Guiding document R3112194-0366-03 Consumption standards for fuels and lubricants in motor vehicles (hereinafter referred to as Guiding document R3112194-0366-03). To replace them, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation issued Order No. AM-23-r dated March 14, 2008 On the implementation of methodological advice on the consumption standards of fuels and lubricants in motor vehicles (hereinafter referred to as Order No. AM-23-r).

Note:

Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation dated March 14, 2008 No. AM-23-r posted Documents and comments, No. 8, April, 2008.

These methodological tips were created for motor transport companies, organizations involved in the management and control system, businessmen, etc., regardless of their form of ownership, operating vehicles and special rolling stock on vehicle chassis in the Russian Federation. The document in question provides the values ​​of basic, transport and operational fuel consumption standards for general purpose vehicles, fuel consumption standards for the operation of special vehicles, the procedure for implementing standards, formulas and methods for calculating standard fuel consumption during operation, reference standard data on lubricant consumption, values ​​of winter allowances, etc.

A comparison of the old and new norms suggests that for the most part the documents are similar. The fuel consumption standards previously approved by the Guiding Document R3112194-0366-03 remained the same. At the same time, the list of models, brands and modifications of vehicles for which fuel and lubricant consumption standards have been developed and given has been significantly expanded. In addition, the procedure for increasing the rate of fuel consumption under certain criteria has been preserved. For example, an increase in consumption rates is envisaged when working in winter, in mountainous areas, when running a vehicle, training driving, working in quarries and other conditions.

Among the configurations reflected in Order No. AM-23-r, the following can be distinguished:

1. In Order No. AM-23-r there is no categorical statement, previously contained in the Guiding Document R3112194-0366-03, that the consumption of fuels and lubricants during the operation of automobile equipment must comply with established standards.
2. The procedure for increasing the fuel consumption rate for vehicles that were previously in use has been clarified. Fuel consumption standards for chainsaws, fuel consumption standards for chainsaws, stihl 025 chainsaw. Namely, the right to increase fuel consumption rates up to 5% for cars that have been in operation for more than 5 years with a total mileage of more than 100 thousand km is provided, and up to 8%. for cars that have been in use for more than 8 years with a total mileage of more than 150 thousand km. Previously, there were no mileage restrictions.
3. The procedure for calculating standard fuel consumption in a parking lot with the engine running has been changed with the introduction of a climate control system. The consumption rate for one hour of inactivity with the engine running is up to 10% of the base rate (previously it corresponded to 10 km).
4. Order No. AM-23-r provides that for models, brands and modifications of automobile equipment for which the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation has not approved standards, heads of organizations have the right to use standards developed on personal requests in the prescribed manner by scientific organizations developing such standards under a special program -methodology Previously, organizations had the right to use only the standards developed by the Federal Municipal Unitary Enterprise Municipal Research Institute of Auto Transport.

Application of fuel consumption standards for tax purposes

At the same time, the questions facing the management of the organization are as follows: Should these standards be used? and For what purposes can or should the standards established by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation be used? After all, it’s no secret that actual fuel consumption is usually higher than the consumption standards established by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

In Order No. AM-23-r, as well as in the Guiding document R3112194-0366-03, it is noted that the standards for the consumption of fuels and lubricants in motor vehicles were created for calculating the standard value of fuel consumption, for maintaining statistical and operational reporting, and determining costs transportation and other types of transport work, planning the needs of companies to provide petroleum products, for calculations of taxation of companies, implementing the regime of saving and saving energy of consumed petroleum products, making settlements with vehicle users, drivers, etc. fuel consumption standards for chainsaws and motor saws in accordance with. Specifically, the phrase for calculations for taxation of companies provides the basis for a discussion about the application of the norms developed by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation for taxation purposes.

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Disputes about the need to introduce standards for taxation purposes when writing off fuel and lubricants have been going on for a long time. For the Husqvarna chainsaw, fuel consumption standards for collecting cones in forest seed fields. Namely, the letter of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated 09/04/2007 No. 03-03-06/1/640 reflects that when determining the validity for tax accounting purposes of the costs incurred for the purchase of fuel for a company car, it is necessary to take into account the consumption standards of fuels and lubricants in motor vehicles approved by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation, and in relation to vehicles for which fuel and lubricant consumption rates are not approved, when determining fuel consumption rates, the taxpayer should be guided by the relevant technical documentation and (or) information provided by the vehicle manufacturer. Previously, a similar position was expressed in a letter from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation dated May 4, 2005 No. 03-03-01-04/1/223.

As practice shows, tax authorities almost always insist on the need to implement fuel consumption standards developed by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. An analysis of arbitration practice indicates that the position expressed by the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and tax authorities does not find support in the courts.

Namely, in the Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Ural Region dated February 20, 2008 No. Ф09-514/08-С2 in case No. А60-8917/07 it is noted that the Tax Authority’s Reference to the Order (meaning Guiding Document Р3112194-0366-03. approx. aut.) is incorrect, since the approved standards are established as basic ones for the purpose of organizing delivery planning and monitoring the consumption of fuel and oils and are not created to regulate tax relations. Since the legislation on taxes and fees or in the manner established by it has not approved the norms of costs for the maintenance of official vehicles, the indicated costs are accepted for tax purposes in the amounts of practically made and documented expenses.

A similar conclusion was made in the Resolution of the FAS Stolichny District dated September 25, 2007 in case No. KA-A41/ 9866-07: the tribunal proceeded from the fact that the Tax Code of the Russian Federation does not contain provisions limiting the taking into account for tax purposes of expenses for fuel and lubricants, expenses on the maintenance of official vehicles by any standards.

In addition, no restrictions are provided in the case of personal income tax calculation by personal businessmen. The Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-Western District dated 06/01/2005 in case No. A05-26242/04-10 reflects: Chapter 23 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation does not contain provisions limiting the possibility of taking into account for tax purposes expenses on fuels and lubricants. Neither the standards for fuels and lubricants, nor the procedure for their establishment for the purposes of calculating personal income tax have been determined.

The said Resolution is also striking in that in it the judges explained in which case fuel consumption rates could be used for tax purposes. The document in question says: in cases where the legislator envisages the use for taxation purposes (calculation of a certain tax) of standards established for other purposes, he uses such a technique of legal technique as a direct reference to the documents that establish the appropriate standards. Article 221 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation does not provide for the rationing of expenses for fuels and lubricants for tax purposes with reference to the norms for the consumption of fuels and lubricants in motor vehicles approved by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the above, it is impossible to categorically speak about the need to implement the norms established by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation for tax purposes. According to the creator, the leaders of the organization need to approve by order the fuel consumption standards used in the organization, which can be either equal to the standards approved by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation or different from them. fuel consumption standards for chainsaws and chainsaws according to b –. To search for fuel consumption rates on the fuel consumption rates page for chainsaws. In addition, it is necessary to pay close attention to the region where the activity is carried out, the installed additional equipment, seasonality and other reasons that make it possible to increase fuel consumption rates, taking into account the coefficients provided for by Order No. AM-23-r.

New standards for fuel consumption

The list of cars for which fuel consumption standards

. Let us remind you that the specified norms.

Fuel and lubricants consumption rates have been clarified

Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated July 14, 2015 N NA-80-r On amendments to the Methodological Recommendations.

Correct application of these coefficients in a number of cases will help bring actual fuel consumption closer to the standards established by the Ministry of Transport of Russia, and, as a result, avoid litigation that will inevitably arise when establishing independent standards.

The procedure for documenting expenses for fuel and lubricants

Let's look at the most frequently asked questions accountants have when documenting costs associated with the operation of vehicles and the write-off of fuels and lubricants as expenses taken into account for tax purposes.

How to document the costs incurred for fuel and lubricants?

There is no doubt that it is unlikely that it will be possible to take into account the costs of fuel and lubricants in the absence of waybills. Despite the loyalty of judges, shown in most cases towards taxpayers, the conclusions of the courts in the absence of documents are categorical. fuel consumption standards for chainsaws and chainsaws according to the stihl chainsaw regulation. For example, the courts found it unjustified to attribute expenses for the purchase of fuel and lubricants to expenses in the absence of waybills and other supporting documents (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Far Eastern District dated September 10, 2007 in case No. F03-A73/07-2/3601).

The Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Central District dated 03/05/2007 in case No. A14-15515/2005/631/34 noted that a necessary condition for attributing the costs of fuel and lubricants to the cost of production is the presence of correctly executed primary documents confirming the production purposes of operating vehicles.

In another case, the court concluded that due to the fact that the entrepreneur did not take the speedometer readings and did not draw up waybills, there were no grounds for including car maintenance expenses in the composition of car maintenance costs (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Far Eastern District dated 04/05/2006 in case No. F03- A73/06-2/628).

At the same time, there are isolated cases when the judicial authorities, making a decision in favor of taxpayers, note that the mandatory availability of travel documents to confirm the validity of expenses is not provided for by the provisions of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-Western District dated September 14, 2007 in case No. A56- 41790/2006), from the legal act (Resolution No. 78) it does not follow that the applicant is obliged to draw up waybills or similar documents (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District of September 25, 2007 in case No. KA-A41/9866-07).

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The issue of documentary evidence of expenses for fuels and lubricants when forming the tax base for profits was considered in detail by the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Ural District (Resolution No. F09-1053/08-S3 dated 03/05/2008 in case No. A76-8742/07). In particular, the document reflects: The primary document confirming expenses incurred for fuel and lubricants is a waybill. Primary accounting documents are accepted for accounting if they are compiled in accordance with the form contained in the albums of unified forms of primary documentation. The waybill indicates the number and date of issue, series and number of the car, its make, purpose of the trip, speedometer readings, remaining fuel upon departure and return. Based on these data from the waybill, the actual fuel consumption for a specific vehicle is determined.

As established by the courts, the submitted waybills confirm the expenses incurred by the company for the purchase of fuel and lubricants.

According to the author, the waybill is exactly the primary document that allows you to minimize the costs of documenting and justifying the expenses incurred, since it contains both the purpose of the trip and information about the amount of fuel and lubricants consumed.

Unified forms of primary accounting documentation for recording work in road transport were developed in pursuance of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 8, 1997 No. 835 On primary documents and approved by Decree of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated November 28, 1997 No. 78 (hereinafter Resolution No. 78). In particular, this document approved:

• Form No. 3 Passenger car waybill;
• form No. 3special Waybill for a special vehicle;
• Form No. 4 Passenger taxi waybill;
• Form No. 4-C Truck waybill;
• form No. 4-P Truck waybill;
• Form No. 6 Bus waybill;
• form No. 6 special Waybill for a non-public bus.

Resolution No. 78 states that filling out the waybill before issuing it to the driver is carried out by the organization’s dispatcher or a person authorized to do so. Responsibility for correctly filling out the waybill rests with the heads of the organization, as well as the persons responsible for operating the vehicles and participating in filling out the document.

The developed forms apply to legal entities of all forms of ownership engaged in the operation of vehicles, and are documents for recording the operation of vehicles and the basis for calculating wages to the driver.

It should be noted that currently, most organizations use a tariff form of remuneration, and, therefore, the driver’s salary is determined by salary and does not directly depend on the number of trips made. Thus, the main purpose of a waybill for an accountant. determine the amount of fuel consumed.

It is necessary to take into account that the forms of waybills for entrepreneurs were developed by the Ministry of Transport and approved by Order No. 68 dated June 30, 2000 On the introduction of travel documentation for individual entrepreneurs carrying out transportation activities in road transport (hereinafter Order No. 68). Entrepreneurs must use the following forms:

• Form No. PG-1 Waybill for a truck of an individual entrepreneur;
• Form No. PA-1 Waybill for an individual entrepreneur’s bus;
• Form No. PL-1 Waybill for a passenger car of an individual entrepreneur.

Paragraph 3 of Order No. 68 states that the entrepreneur’s travel document. a document confirming the carriage of goods or passengers by him, and can be used to monitor transport services performed by the entrepreneur.

It should be especially noted that the procedure for preparing travel documentation established by Order No. 68 is mandatory for all individual entrepreneurs (hereinafter referred to as entrepreneurs) operating vehicles on the basis of ownership, lease or other legal grounds, when they carry out transportation activities on a commercial basis or for their own account for production purposes.

According to the author, unlike organizations, entrepreneurs are required to use the forms of waybills developed by the Ministry of Transport of Russia, regardless of the type of activity being carried out.

Additionally, it should be noted that the use of waybills for any other purposes is not provided for by current legislation. For example, in the Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District dated February 26, 2008 No. KA-A40/596-08 in case No. A40-35716/07-75-212, it is noted that the absence of waybills is not a basis for additional accrual of the corresponding amounts of VAT to the applicant, since the mentioned documents are not provided for in Art. Art. 169, 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation as mandatory documents confirming tax deductions.

What form of waybill should organizations use?

In accordance with paragraph 2 of Resolution No. 78, the requirement to maintain waybills is mandatory for organizations that meet two criteria: working in road transport and being senders and recipients of goods transported by road.

According to the position expressed by the Ministry of Finance of Russia in letters dated 04/07/2006 No. 03-03-04/1/327, dated 03/16/2006 No. 03-03-04/2/77, dated 02/20/2006 No. 03-03-04/1 /129, dated September 20, 2005 No. 03-03-04/1/214, the forms of waybills approved by Resolution No. 78 are mandatory only for motor transport organizations. Fuel consumption standards for chainsaws and fuel consumption standards for gas cutters. For the Husqvarna chainsaw, fuel consumption standards for thinning are drawn up for the third. As for other organizations, they can develop their own form of waybill or other document confirming expenses incurred in the form of fuels and lubricants, which must reflect all the details provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 9 of Federal Law No. 129-FZ of November 21, 1996 About accounting. At the same time, the letters in question clarify that primary documents must be drawn up in such a way and with such regularity that on their basis it is possible to judge the validity of the expenses incurred.

For example, during an audit it was established that the company’s expenses for the purchase of fuel and lubricants were confirmed by cash receipts, advance reports on the expenditure of funds received, supply contracts, acts of acceptance and transfer of fuel and lubricants, payment orders and other documents. Accounting for fuel consumption, any standards and types of fuel. Fuel consumption standards for a chainsaw. Fuel consumption standards for chainsaws and chainsaws. The company used a specially developed and approved by order of the director form of waybill, which reflected the necessary accounting data for determining the costs of fuel and lubricants. Taking into account these circumstances, the court concluded that it was legal to include the cost of fuel and lubricants in the expenses taken into account when taxing profits (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District dated May 11, 2007 in case No. KA-A40/2612-07).

The legality of developing your own form of waybill or other document confirming expenses incurred in the form of fuels and lubricants is also noted in the Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Volga-Vyatka District dated April 23, 2007 in case No. A28-7048/2006-250/21.

However, there are precedents when tax authorities, during their audits, consider maintaining waybills on forms that are not unified as the absence of a primary document. These conclusions are not confirmed in court (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District dated September 25, 2007 in case No. KA-A41/9866-07).

Thus, organizations that are not motor transport organizations have the right to either use the forms approved by Order No. 78, or independently develop and approve forms of waybills as an appendix to the organization’s accounting policies.

What information must be reflected in the waybill?

The list of information reflected in the forms of waybills given in Resolution No. 78 is quite wide. These forms reflect not only the driver’s tasks and information about his performance, data on the technical condition of the vehicle, but also the route, the actual operating time of the vehicle, idle time, data on the movement of fuel, speedometer readings and a number of other information.

From the accountant's point of view, the greatest attention should be paid to data on the distance traveled by the car (speedometer readings), and, consequently, on the amount of fuel consumed. According to the position reflected in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated February 20, 2006 No. 03-03-04/1/129, a waybill that does not contain information about the location of the car as part of its details does not confirm the expenses incurred by the taxpayer for the purchase of fuels and lubricants.

In a number of cases, in the absence of certain information, courts do not recognize the costs of fuel and lubricants as justified. For example:

• the lack of information about the route of the vehicle does not allow us to judge the fact of the use of the car by employees for official purposes (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Volga-Vyatka District dated April 23, 2007 in case No. A28-7048/2006-250/21);
• the submitted waybills, which do not indicate the route of travel, the speedometer readings do not confirm the use of cars in the activities of the entrepreneur (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North-Western District dated March 11, 2008 in case No. A05-6956/2007);
• waybills that do not contain data on the place of departure and destination, departure time, mileage traveled cannot serve as evidence confirming the actual consumption of fuels and lubricants (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Volga-Vyatka District dated March 12, 2008 in case No. A82-1453/2007- 37).

At the same time, in most cases, when considering disputes about the validity of expenses incurred for fuel and lubricants for tax purposes in the presence of waybills containing some defects or design deficiencies, the courts support the position of taxpayers. For example, the Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the West Siberian District dated January 31, 2007 in case No. F04-9518/2006 (30709-A70-25) states that the issuance of waybills in violation of the procedure established by the State Statistics Committee Resolution No. 78 of November 28, 1997 cannot serve the basis for excluding expenses for the purchase of fuels and lubricants from costs.

In addition, among the most interesting are the following cases:

1. In the Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the North Caucasus District dated February 20, 2008 No. Ф08-188/08-185А in case No. А53-6449/2007-С5-37-22 it is noted that shortcomings in the preparation of waybills, in particular the absence of a speedometer reading, cannot serve the basis for concluding that the company does not comply with the requirements of tax legislation. Considering that the waybills contained indications of the locality where the transport was heading, the tax inspectorate, based on the available information, had the opportunity to determine the amount of tax by calculation.
2. The Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Ural District dated February 29, 2008 No. F09-880/08-S3 in case No. A50-9312/07 concluded that the defects in filling out some of the waybills identified during the audit cannot be the basis for recognizing expenses incurred by the taxpayer for fuel and lubricants unfounded and undocumented.
3. In the Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District dated February 4, 2008 No. KA-A40/13427-07-2 in case No. A40-17664/07-117-117, the court, recognizing the decision to hold the taxpayer liable for taxation, gave the following arguments:
   The organization has the right to develop its own form of waybill or other document confirming expenses incurred for payment for fuel and lubricants. During the audit, it was established that the company issued waybills according to form No. Auto-2 and form No. 3, developed by the organization;
4. the waybills contain the details provided for in paragraph 2 of Article 9 of Federal Law No. 129-FZ On Accounting, which allow determining the volume of consumed fuels and lubricants;
5. the absence in the waybills of the details provided for by Resolution of the State Statistics Committee of Russia dated November 28, 1997 No. 78 On the approval of unified forms of primary accounting documentation for recording the work of construction machinery and mechanisms, work in road transport, does not refute the production orientation of the costs incurred;
6. the tax authority violated the requirements of Article 101 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation by failing to indicate in the contested decision specific waybills, the shortcomings of which served as the basis for the conclusion that the Company had committed tax offenses;
7. the amount and connection of expenses for fuels and lubricants, including those purchased on weekends, with the production activities of the Company are confirmed by cash register receipts, advance reports of drivers, orders on shift work of drivers.

For what period is it necessary to issue a waybill?

Resolution No. 78 stipulates that the waybill is valid only for one day or shift, or for one order. For a longer period, it is issued only in the case of a business trip when the driver performs a task for more than one day (shift). They gave the standards for the consumption rate for and the consumption rate for fuels and lubricants needed. However, as noted earlier, the application of Resolution No. 78 is mandatory only for motor transport organizations. In connection with this, organizations engaged in other types of business activities may issue waybills for a longer period of time.

In particular, the Ministry of Finance of Russia does not object to the preparation of waybills weekly, monthly or quarterly, if the waybill drawn up at such a frequency with the attachment of cash receipts reflecting the purchase of the specified materials can confirm the taxpayer’s expenses (letter dated March 16, 2006 No. 03 -03-04/2/77).

The courts also support the position on the legality of drawing up waybills for a longer period of time than one day or one shift. For example, when drawing up travel documents for a month, taking into account the specifics of the organizations’ activities, the judges sided with the taxpayers when making the following decisions:

• Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Moscow District dated September 25, 2007 in case No. KA-A41/9866-07;
• Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Volga District dated October 24, 2006 in case No. A12-8443/06-C61.

Thus, the leaders of the organization should not only determine the form of the waybill to be used, but also the period for which it will be drawn up.

For entrepreneurs, the period for which a waybill is drawn up is more strictly regulated. Paragraph 5 of Order No. 68 stipulates that the waybill is valid for one day. For a longer period, it is valid in the case when the driver performs a task for more than one day (shift) outside the permanent parking place of the vehicle.

In conclusion, it is necessary to recall that the correct accounting of expenses for the purchase of fuel used for official transport depends to a large extent on the documents drawn up by the business entity and their content, as well as the document flow procedure established in the organization.

Source

Is it possible to use 92 gasoline instead of 76 (80)?

An interesting topic, I asked why manufacturers use additives and do not immediately produce gasoline with the required POC. And here’s what I dug up: * “To obtain high-octane gasoline from oil, different technologies are used, but only one of them - catalytic reforming - allows you to immediately obtain the required octane numbers - up to 99. But this is expensive: the share of such gasoline in the total balance of high-octane fuels does not reach 50%. The rest are produced using less complex technologies such as catalytic cracking or hydrocracking: for them the octane numbers are 82–85. And the simplest and cheapest are straight-run gasolines, but their octane numbers rarely exceed 50–60 units.

This is where various octane boosters and additives come into play. They can be roughly divided into three groups. The first is based on the use of metal-containing additives - the memorable tetraethyl lead, which gave the world leaded gasoline, now banned almost everywhere. The additive was extremely cheap and terribly effective - in short, an oilman’s dream. True, vile carcinogens flew out of the engine exhaust pipe... Now it has been replaced by a much less dangerous ferrocene.

The main problem with such additives is the formation of plaque and deposits in the combustion chamber, on spark plugs, as well as in catalysts and on the working surfaces of engine control system sensors. The maximum level of ferrocene is standardized - 0.017%, but who monitors this? There are additives based on nickel and manganese, but the problems are the same...

Another group of high-octane additives works on the principle of a “mixture” increase in octane number: base gasoline is mixed with something very, very stable. Most often, monomethylaniline (MMNA) is used, whose octane number is as much as 280. These gasolines are more expensive than ferrocene gasolines, but the main obstacle to their distribution is the Euro III and Euro IV standards, which limit the level of “aromatics”.

The third, most advanced group is ethers and alcohols. In this case, everything is fine with the environment, but there are also problems. Firstly, the octane number is relatively low - about 120, so quite a lot of them are required - sometimes even more than 10%. Since esters have a significantly lower calorific value than base gasoline, the “calorie content” of the fuel decreases. Secondly, esters are aggressive towards rubber, paint, and some plastics. It was the aggressiveness of esters that required regulatory restrictions on their “mixed” gasolines. In production, “ether” ones are the cheapest, and therefore the most common.